in Tacloban electricity outage. According to the World Health Organisation, newborn asphyxia is one of the leading causes of newborn deaths in developing countries, accounting for about 20 per cent of the infant mortality rate. In the United States, it is the 10th leading cause of infant mortality.
functions in the neonatal intensive care unit are very important. The patient/nurse ratio is small, and the nursing staff must be familiar with the equipment as well as special procedures and precautions in caring for these special patients.
Electronic monitoring of the infant plays an important role in neonatal intensive care. Not only does it allow the clinical caregivers to follow vital signs, such as pulse rate, temperature, blood pressure, and respiration rate, but other critical variables in the care of these special patients can be followed as well. These include blood gas tensions, acid–base balance, bilirubin, and glucose concentrations. Monitoring is especially important in fluid therapy for it can provide precise data for fluid control of these very small patients. Electronic monitoring, however, goes beyond just monitoring the patient and its physiologic functions. A good neonatal intensive care unit also monitors the functioning of life-support systems. These include incubators for maintaining an appropriate thermal environment, ventilators for providing respiratory support, and phototherapy units for the control of bilirubin.
Figure 1. Typical infant station in a neonatal intensive care unit showing infant warmer, infusion pumps, ventilator, transcutaneous oxygen instrument, cardiopulmonary monitor, bilirubin lights, and other miscellaneous apparatus.dealing with the sensors and instrumentation for similar.
Infants between 500 and 1,000 g can be successfully cared for and nurtured until they are old enough and grow enough to go home with their parents. These very small babies, however, can easily run into problems if they receive either too much or too little fluid. Since feeding of these very small infants can be done by intravenous hyperalimentation, the possibility of a fluid overload is always present since it takes a certain amount of fluid to transport the nutritional requirements of the infant. Another example of the fragility of these very small patients is the simple problem of attaching devices to the infant’s skin. In some infants, the skin is very sensitive and can easily become irritated by the attachment procedure or substance.
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